Workers' compensation
Workers' comp pays an injured employee's medical bills and part of their lost wages. In return, the employee generally can't sue you over the injury. Whether you have to carry it depends on your state and how many people you employ.

How it works
- It pays the employee
Covered job injuries get medical care and wage replacement under your state's rules, whoever was at fault.
For example A cashier slips in your stockroom and misses three weeks. Comp pays the doctor and part of those weeks' pay.
- Premium follows payroll
Each kind of job has a class code with its own rate. Premium is your payroll for each code, divided by 100, times that code's rate.
For example A roofer's payroll and the office manager's payroll are rated very differently, even inside the same company.
- Your claims history counts
Once a business is big enough, an experience modification raises or lowers the premium based on its own claims compared with similar businesses.
For example Two quiet years with no claims can bring next year's price down.
- Owners can often opt out
Rules differ by state, but owners and officers can often leave themselves off the policy, which lowers the cost.
For example A Virginia LLC manager files Form 16A to reject coverage for themselves.
- There's a market of last resort
If no regular insurance company will write you, each of our three states has a fallback market.
For example A new business with a risky job class gets turned down twice, then gets coverage through the assigned-risk plan.
Who has to carry it
Tennessee
- Required at five or more employees, or at one employee in construction or coal mining. Source: lwdsupport.tn.gov
- Going without required coverage can cost a penalty of 1.5 times the premium you avoided, at least $1,000 for construction employers. Source: tn.gov
Kentucky
- Required at one or more employees, with exemptions such as agricultural labor and some domestic work. Source: elc.ky.gov
- Fines run $100 to $1,000 per offense, and each employee and each day can count separately. Source: apps.legislature.ky.gov
Virginia
- Required when you regularly have more than two employees, full or part time. Contractors count their subcontractors' employees too. Source: workcomp.virginia.gov
- The Commission can assess up to $250 a day, capped at $50,000, plus collection costs. Source: workcomp.virginia.gov
Rules change. We checked these against the official sources in October 2026; call us before you rely on one.


